青年说 ‖ 黄靖祺：环工生眼中的环保

                                          黄靖祺在绿色青年志愿者服务队

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黄靖祺：

环保是一门综合性学科。好了，那什么才叫做综合性？我曾以为，在数学的基础上，运用物理化学生物的方法，还要有能写出书面报告的语文功底，这就叫综合。但是现在，我对综合这一词，有了更深的了解。那就是环保这一行业，涉及的方面太广了：

第一，最容易想到的就是技术上。而技术则又涉及到生物、物理、化学的方法。

第二，就是不容忽视的经济成本上。专业课上讨论各种方法、设备的利弊时，一定会涉及的就是经济成本，甚至经济成本往往最终抉择的关键因素。有的价高效果好的设备和方法，在找到降低成本的方法之前，只能拘泥于高尖端的使用而无法推广，而普通的处理则只能使用“平替”了。

第三，社会、政策类。就固体废物的处置来说，现在最常用的方法就是填埋和焚烧。这显然就不仅仅是经济成本的问题了，还涉及到社会问题。人们都非常不情愿自己的居住区附近建设这样的固废处置场所，因此在建设处理处置设施的时候，民众的意见至关重要。还有医药、教育等等很多看似无关的板块，其实也与环保息息相关。

Huang Jingqi:

Environmental protection is a comprehensive discipline.       

Well,so what does it mean to be comprehensive? I used to think that using the methods of physics, chemistry & biology on the basis of mathematics and having the language skills to be able to present a written report was called “comprehensiveness”. But now, I have a deeper understanding. That is to say, environmental protection involves many aspects.

First of all, the simplest case we can think of is technology, which in turn involves biological, physical and chemical methods.

The second is the economic cost, which should not be overlooked.

If we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and equipment in professional classes, the economic cost will definitely be involved, and even the cost is often the key factor in the final decision. Some equipment and methods with high price and good results are fettered in the high end of scale. So they cannot be widely promoted before finding ways to reduce costs, then we can only use affordable substitute with common treatment rules.

The third factor, social policy. In terms of the disposition of solid waste, the most common used method is landfill and incineration at present. It is obviously not just a matter of economic cost, but social issues as well. People are very reluctant to build such places for solid waste disposal near the habitations. Therefore, it is crucial to listen to the public voice when building disposal facilities. Furthermore, there are many seemingly irrelevant sectors such as pharmaceuticals, education and so on, which are in fact also closely related to environmental protection.

   环保是一个做着高尖端的科研、办着接地气的事儿的行业。最接地气不过的事儿，那非解决土壤重金属污染问题莫属。土壤重金属污染是一种与人类生活紧密相关、但是却难以完全解决的问题。其原因就在于土壤一旦被污染，便是长期的、大范围的污染，不是几年、几十年的努力就可以解决的。我们熟知的国内的“镉大米”、20世纪初日本的“痛痛病”等，都是典型案例，而这些事件的背后的罪魁祸首便是土壤重金属污染物中非常常见、也非常棘手的一种——Cd镉。

     现在，对于该热点问题的治理方式有许多，包括物理法，即直接将整块土地挖走进行处置，再用未受污染的土壤进行填埋，可想而知，这样的方法实施起来困难大、耗资高、最终土壤要如何解决处置的根本问题未得到解决；再就是化学法，通过添加一些化学药剂来固定土壤里的重金属离子，再进行后续处置。

     最后，便是生物法，也是目前认为最有可能彻底处理好土壤重金属污染的方法。该方法主要是通过土壤生物或微生物摄入重金属离子后在其体内进行生化转化，降解其毒性，使土壤中污染物含量降低。但目前这类问题的治理仍然没有一个十全十美的解决方案，我们希望环保行业的领头人们能在未来几年做出新的突破。

Environmental protection is an industry that is conducting cutting-edge researches while doing down-to-earth things. The most fundamental issue is to solve the problem of heavy metal contamination in soil. It is a problem closely related to human life, but difficult to solve completely. The reason is that once the soil is polluted, it will become a long-term and large-scale problem that cannot be solved by years or decades of effort. The known “cadmium rice” in China and the “painful disease” in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century are typical cases. The culprit behind these incidents is a very common and troublesome heavy metal pollutant in soil-- Cd cadmium.

Now, there are many ways to deal with this hot issue, including physical method, that is, directly excavate the whole land for disposal, and then use the unpolluted soil for landfill. It is conceivable that such an approach is difficult and costly to implement, and that the fundamental problem of how the soil would ultimately be disposed of has not been addressed.

Then comes to the chemical method, which fixes the heavy metal ions in the soil by adding some chemical agents for subsequent disposal.

Finally, there is the biological method, which is currently considered to be the most likely way to thoroughly deal with soil heavy metal pollution. The method mainly involves the biochemical transformation of soil organisms or microorganisms after ingestion of heavy metal ions in their bodies, degrading their toxicity and reducing the contaminant levels in the soil. But at present, there is still no perfect solution to this kind of problems , and we hope the leaders of the environmental industry will make new breakthroughs in the coming years.